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Orthopedic Glossary of Terms |
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A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
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P |
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Painful arc |
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Pain located within a limited number of degrees in the range of motion. |
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Palpation |
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Act of feeling a region with the fingers to detect temperature, swelling, point tenderness, deformity, crepitus, and cutaneous sensation. |
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Paralysis |
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Partial or complete loss of the ability to move a body part. |
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Paresis |
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Partial paralysis of a muscle leading to a weakened contraction. |
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Parasthesia |
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Abnormal sensations such as tingling, burning, itching, or prickling. |
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Parrot-beak tear |
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Horizontal meniscal tear typically in the middle segment of the lateral meniscus. |
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Passive movement |
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A limb or body part is moved through the range of motion with no assistance from the individual. |
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Passive stretching |
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Stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments produced by stretching force other than tension in the antagonist muscles; stretching of body part done by a clinician without help of the patient. |
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Patella |
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Kneecap bone. |
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Patella plica |
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A fold of the synovial lining that may cause medial knee pain without associated trauma. |
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Patellofemoral joint |
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Gliding joint between the patella and patella groove of the femur. |
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Patellofemoral stress syndrome |
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Condition whereby the lateral retinaculum is tight, or the vastus medialis oblique is weak, leading to lateral excursion and pressure on the lateral facet of the patella causing a painful condition. |
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Pathology |
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The cause of an injury, its development, and functional changes due to the injury process. |
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Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) |
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The ligament, located in the center of the knee, that controls the backwards movement of the tibia. |
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Periostitis |
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Inflammation of the periosteum (outer membrane covering bone). |
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Pes cavus |
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High arch. |
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Pes planus |
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Flat feet. |
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Phonophoresis |
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The introduction of anti-inflammatory drugs through the skin with the use of ultrasound. |
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Plantar fascia |
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Specialized band of fascia that covers the plantar surface of the foot and helps support the longitudinal arch. |
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Plyometric exercise |
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Type of explosive exercise that maximizes the myotatic on-stretch reflex. |
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Point tenderness |
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Specific painful area at an injury site that can be palpated. |
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Prognosis |
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Probably course of progress of an injury or disease. |
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Prolapsed disc |
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Condition when the eccentric nucleus produces a definite deformity as it works its way through the fibers of the annulus fibrosus. |
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Pronation |
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Inward rotation of the forearm; palms face posteriorly. At the foot, combined motions of calcaneal eversion, foot abduction, and dorsiflexion. |
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Pronator syndrome |
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Median nerve is entrapped by the pronator teres leading to pain on activities involving pronation. |
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Prophylactic |
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To prevent or protect. |
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Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) |
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Exercises that stimulate proprioceptors in muscles, tendons, and joints to improve flexibility and strength. |
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Proprioceptors |
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Specialized deep sensory nerve cells in joints, ligaments, muscles, and tendons sensitive to stretch, tension, and pressure that are responsible for position and movement. |
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Prosthesis |
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An artificial body part replacement. |
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Proximal |
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Closest to a reference point, i.e., the elbow is proximal to the wrist. |
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